Modulo:It-pronunciation
⧼vector-jumptonavigation⧽
⧼vector-jumptosearch⧽
La documentazione per questo modulo può essere creata in Modulo:It-pronunciation/man
local export = {}
local k=" "
local stress = "ˈ"
local long = "ː"
local acute_or_grave = "[" .. mw.ustring.char(0x300, 0x301) .. "]"
local vowels = "æaeɛioɔu"
local vowel = "[" .. vowels .. "]"
local not_vowel = "[^" .. vowels .. "]"
local front = "[eɛij]"
local fronted = mw.ustring.char(0x031F)
local full_affricates = { ["ʦ"] = "t͡s", ["ʣ"] = "d͡z", ["ʧ"] = "t͡ʃ", ["ʤ"] = "d͡ʒ" }
-- ʦ, ʣ, ʧ, ʤ used for
-- t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ in body of function.
-- voiced_z must be a table of integer indices, a boolean, or nil.
function export.to_phonemic(word, voiced_z, single_character_affricates)
word = mw.ustring.lower(word)
if mw.ustring.find(word,"sč") then
word = mw.ustring.toNFC(word)
--sč at the end of a word is /ʃ/
word = word:gsub("sč","ʃ")
end
if mw.ustring.find(word,"č") then
word = mw.ustring.toNFC(word)
--sč at the end of a word is /ʧ/
word = word:gsub("č","ʧ")
end
if mw.ustring.find(word,"â") then
word = mw.ustring.toNFC(word)
--â at the end of a word is /a/
if mw.ustring.match(word,"â.")==nil then
word=word:gsub("â","a ")
else
word=word:gsub("â","a")
end
end
if mw.ustring.find(word,"ğ") then
word = mw.ustring.toNFC(word)
--ğ at the end of a word is /ʤ/
word = word:gsub("ğ","ʤ")
end
-- Decompose combining characters: for instance, è → e + ◌̀
local decomposed = mw.ustring.toNFD(word)
local all_z_voiced
if type(voiced_z) == "boolean" then
all_z_voiced = voiced_z
voiced_z = nil
else
require "libraryUtil".checkTypeMulti("to_IPA", 2, voiced_z,
{ "table", "boolean", "nil" })
end
-- Transcriptions must contain an acute or grave, to indicate stress
-- This does not handle phrases containing more than one stressed word.
-- Default to penultimate stress rather than throw error?
if not mw.ustring.find(decomposed, acute_or_grave) then
-- Allow monosyllabic unstressed words.
--local vowel_count = select(2, decomposed:gsub("[æaeiou]", "%1"))
--if vowel_count ~= 1 then
transcriptio=mw.ustring.sub(decomposed,-1)
if transcriptio == 'a' then
decomposed = mw.ustring.gsub(decomposed,"(" .. vowel .. ")(" .. not_vowel .. "*" .. vowel .. not_vowel .."*)$","%1" .. mw.ustring.char(0x301) .. "%2")
--end
elseif transcriptio =='e' then
decomposed = mw.ustring.gsub(decomposed,"(" .. vowel .. ")(" .. not_vowel .. "*" .. vowel .. not_vowel .."*)$","%1" .. mw.ustring.char(0x301) .. "%2")
elseif transcriptio =='o' then
decomposed = mw.ustring.gsub(decomposed,"(" .. vowel .. ")(" .. not_vowel .. "*" .. vowel .. not_vowel .."*)$","%1" .. mw.ustring.char(0x301) .. "%2")
elseif transcriptio =='i' then
decomposed = mw.ustring.gsub(decomposed,"(" .. vowel .. ")(" .. not_vowel .. "*" .. vowel .. not_vowel .."*)$","%1" .. mw.ustring.char(0x301) .. "%2")
else
decomposed=mw.ustring.gsub(decomposed,"(".. vowel ..")(" .. not_vowel .. "*)$",'%1' ..mw.ustring.char(0x301).. '%2')
end
end
local transcription = decomposed
-- Handle è, ò. \204\128 is the UTF-8 encoding of the combining grave accent.
transcription = transcription:gsub("([eo])(\204\128)",
function (vowel, accent)
return ({ e = "ɛ", o = "ɔ" })[vowel] .. accent
end) -- e or o followed by grave
-- ci, gi + vowel
-- Do ci, gi + e, é, è sometimes contain /j/?
transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription,
"([cg])([cg]?)i(" .. vowel .. ")",
function (consonant, double, vowel)
local out_consonant
if consonant == "c" then
out_consonant = "ʧ"
else
out_consonant = "ʤ"
end
if double ~= "" then
if double ~= consonant then
error("Invalid sequence " .. first .. double .. ".")
end
out_consonant = out_consonant .. out_consonant
end
return out_consonant .. vowel
end)
-- Handle gl and gn.
-- Have to do the gsub twice, in case the matches to the pattern overlap,
-- as in gnagnà.
for i = 1, 2 do
transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription,
"(g[nl])(.?)(.?)",
function (digraph, after1, after2)
local consonant
if digraph == "gn" then
consonant = "ɲ"
-- gli is /ʎi/, or /ʎ/ before a vowel
elseif after1 == "i" then
consonant = "ʎ"
if after2 ~= "" and vowels:find(after2) then
after1 = ""
end
end
if consonant then
return consonant .. after1 .. after2
end
end)
end
-- Handle other cases of c, g.
transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription,
"(([cg])([cg]?)(h?)(.?))",
function (consonant, first, double, second, next)
-- Don't allow the combinations cg, gc.
-- Or do something else?
if double ~= "" and double ~= first then
error("Invalid sequence " .. first .. double .. ".")
end
-- c, g is soft before e, i.
local consonant
if (next == "e" or next == "ɛ" or next == "i") and second ~= "h" then
if first == 'c' then
consonant = "ʧ"
else
consonant = "ʤ"
end
else
if first == "c" then
consonant = "k"
else
consonant = "ɡ"
end
end
if double ~= "" then
consonant = consonant .. consonant
end
return consonant .. next
end)
-- ⟨qu⟩ represents /kw/.
transcription = transcription:gsub("qu", "kw")
-- u or i (without accent) before another vowel is a semivowel.
-- ci, gi + vowel, gli, qu must be dealt with beforehand.
transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription,
"([iu])(" .. vowel .. ")",
function (semivowel, vowel)
if semivowel == "i" then
semivowel = "j"
else
semivowel = "w"
end
return semivowel .. vowel
end)
local z_index = 0
-- sc before e, i is /ʃ/, doubled between vowels.
transcription = transcription
:gsub("sʧ", "ʃ")
-- ⟨z⟩ represents /t͡s/ or /d͡z/; no way to determine which.
-- For now, /t͡s/ is the default.
:gsub("()(z+)",
function (index, z)
local length = #z
if length > 2 then
error("Too many z's!")
else
z_index = z_index + 1
local z_pronunciation
if voiced_z and require "Module:table".contains(voiced_z, z_index)
or all_z_voiced then
z_pronunciation = "ʣ"
else
z_pronunciation = "ʦ"
end
-- double z in nazione
if length == 1 and transcription:sub(index + 1, index + 1) == "j" then
length = 2
end
return z_pronunciation:rep(length)
end
end)
-- Replace acute and grave with stress mark.
transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription,
"(" .. vowel .. ")" .. acute_or_grave, stress .. "%1")
-- Single ⟨s⟩ between vowels is /z/.
transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription,
"(.)s(.)",
function (before, after)
if vowels:find(before) and vowels:find(after) then
return before .. "z" .. after
end -- else return s
end)
-- n a fine parola ha diversa pronuncia
transcriptio=mw.ustring.sub(transcription,-1)
if transcriptio=='n' then
transcription=transcription..' '
transcription=mw.ustring.gsub(transcription,'n ','ŋ')
end
-- After a vowel, /ʃ ʎ ɲ/ are doubled.
-- [[w:Italian phonology]] says word-internally, [[w:Help:IPA/Italian]] says
-- after a vowel.
transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription, "(.)([ʃʎɲ])",
function (before, palatal)
if vowels:find(before) then
return before .. palatal .. palatal
end
end)
-- Move stress before syllable onset, and add syllable breaks.
-- This rule may need refinement.
transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription,
"()(" .. not_vowel .. "?)([^" .. vowels .. stress .. "]*)(" .. stress
.. "?)(" .. vowel .. ")",
function (position, first, rest, syllable_divider, vowel)
-- beginning of word, that is, at the moment, beginning of string
if position == 1 then
return syllable_divider .. first .. rest .. vowel
end
if syllable_divider == "" then
syllable_divider = "."
end
if rest == "" then
return syllable_divider .. first .. vowel
else
return first .. syllable_divider .. rest .. vowel
end
end)
if not single_character_affricates then
transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription, "[ʦʣʧʤ]", full_affricates)
end
return transcription
end
function export.to_phonetic(word, voiced_z)
local phonetic = export.to_phonemic(word, voiced_z)
-- Vowels longer in stressed, open, non-word-final syllables.
phonetic = mw.ustring.gsub(phonetic,
"(" .. stress .. not_vowel .. "*" .. vowel .. ")(.?)",
function (before, after)
if after ~= ""
and (vowels .. "."):find(after) then
return before .. long .. after
end
end)
-- Imperfect: doesn't convert geminated k, g properly.
phonetic = mw.ustring.gsub(phonetic,
"([kg])(" .. front .. ")",
"%1" .. fronted .. "%2")
:gsub("a", "a")
:gsub("n", "n̺") -- Converts n before a consonant, which is incorrect.
return phonetic
end
function export.show(frame)
local m_IPA = require "Module:IPA"
local word, voiced_z
if type(frame) == "table" then
local args = require "Module:parameters".process(
frame:getParent().args,
{
[1] = {},
voiced = {}, -- series of numbers, or boolean
})
word = args[1]
if args.voiced then
local count = 0
voiced_z = require "Module:fun".map(
function (item)
count = count + 1
return tonumber(item)
or count == 1 and require "Module:yesno"(item) -- Rejects false values.
or error("Invalid input '" .. item .."' in |voiced= parameter. "
.. "Expected number.")
end,
mw.text.split(args.voiced, "%s*,%s*"))
if not voiced_z[2] and type(voiced_z[1]) == "boolean" then
voiced_z = voiced_z[1]
end
end
else
word = frame
end
if not word then
word = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
end
local transcription = "[" .. export.to_phonetic(word, voiced_z) .. "]"
return m_IPA.format_IPA_full(
require "Module:languages".getByCode "it",
{ { pron = transcription } })
end
return export
